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my presentation from world summit on media for children and youth

Last Thursday and Friday I was in Karlstad, Sweden for the World Summit on Media for Children and Youth, where I gave a presentation on how social media is changing the way we - and in particular young people - are experiencing the World around us. Here are the slides (with notes):

World Media Summit (Karlstad) - It's all About Social

View more presentations from Robin Hamman.

guide to using social media (in 6500 words)

Late last year, and early this year, I embarked on a social media training roadshow (for Headshift) that took me to the far corners of England, Scotland and Wales. My purpose was to show each of the finalist communities taking part in NESTA's Big Green Challenge, a million pound environmental competition now nearing it's end, how social tools could help them communicate more effectively both within their groups as well as with stakeholders and other external audiences.

Alongside the training, which was provided on-site in villages, towns and cities - and on one island - I wrote a series of eight blog posts, totally 6500 words, aimed at introducing a wider audience to the use of social media services, social networking sites and content sharing platforms. The original posts can still be found, for now, on the Big Green Challenge Blog but I have, below, brought them together as a single post.

This content is now also available as a 15 page pdf (250k): Download Guidetousingsocialmedia

Part One: Introducing social media and the whole web as your canvas

Social media, as Vicki Costello pointed out in her post here last week, has lots of potential to help individuals, groups and communities to communicate more effectively. This is primarily because social media - a melting pot of social connectivity, conversations and content sharing - allows people not only to create and disseminate their messages in their own way and on their own terms, but also creates opportunities for:

• direct channels of engagement with and between stakeholders
• enhanced transparency of purpose and action
• increased opportunities for communities to form and grow around ideas
• keep members of those communities better informed and involved
• increase the visibility of the collective knowledge and creativity within the community
• reach out to new audiences of potential supporters

It's pretty powerful stuff so, over the next six to eight weeks, I'll be writing a series of posts - this one theoretical, the rest practical - here to help you learn how to get the best out of emerging social media tools and techniques. This week, in what is likely to be the most theoretical post of the bunch, I'll set the scene by defining social media for those who are a bit unsure what we're on about and will talk about what I see as the key to success on the web today: the ability to use the whole web as your canvas. Over the coming weeks my posts will offer more practical advice on how to actually get started using some of the services and tools mentioned here today.

As I started writing this post, I realised that I didn't really have a one line definition of social media, so I used a social networking tool called twitter to send a short message to my followers, essentially friends and contacts who subscribe to my messages, or tweets as they are called on twitter, asking if they might help. Within a few minutes I had half a dozen thoughtful responses including:

"Social media is a new form of technology based communication. It fosters dialogue, transparency and collaboration." - Stefan

"like real life, just electric?" - Dominic

"Not media, but using technology for a conversation that connects, enables and leads to action, either online or offline." - Jason

"Making things, sharing them, seeing what other people have made, commenting on those things and adding to them." - Chris

My favourite response came from Howard Rheingold, a widely respected author, University Professor, past speaker at NESTA events and a longtime friend who I credit with helping me land my first real job helping build online communities back in 1998, who wrote:

"Many to many media that gains value as more people participate, and which enabled people to connect with each other."

There are hundreds of services and tools which could justifiably fall within the definition of social media - below are just a few that spring to mind:

• Social networking services such as Facebook, Bebo and Myspace
• Content sharing sites including flickr and YouTube
• Online discussion spaces such as message boards, forums and chat rooms
• Blogging platforms which allow easy publishing and more, including Wordpress, Blogger, Typepad and others
• Micro-blogging services including Twitter, which is mentioned above
• Collaboration platforms, such as wiki's

The important thing to understand about each of these services is that that they tend to do one thing very well indeed, but are less good at other things. Social media is no exception to the cliche, which often rings true, that you've got to have the right tools to do the job. So, for example, if you want to post photographs and have discussions with other keen photographers, you'd be hard pressed to find a better place than flickr to do that but you probably wouldn't want to use flickr for collaborative working.

This is where we start talking about using the whole web as your canvas (with much owed to Tom Loosemore, who did much to bring this idea to life for me) - an idea which has, at it's root, the idea that the internet is a vast network of interlinking conversations.

In the past, many people and organisations cared only about the growth of their own website. This is a bit like trying to plant a single apple tree at the end of a fenced garden. It might blossom, and bare a few apples, but it's unlikely to flourish without other apples trees in the close vicinity with which to cross-pollinate. Uploading an image or video straight to your website or blog does exactly this - it services the audience already inside the fence but it's impact is confined, and thus smaller.

When you think of the whole web as your canvas, you use links to send your visitors to other places on the web to bring visitors back to you. You distribute content all over the web - photos on flickr, posts on your blog, short messages from out in the field to twitter, podcasts to odeo - each time reaching out to different, and potentially new, audiences. You participate widely, and wider participation takes place around you. It's like planting a whole bunch of trees in an orchard, and watching them each gain from, and contribute to, the success of all the other trees.

The most effective way to grow audiences online is becoming less about having a single destination for people to visit and more about having multiple destinations, a sort of distributed web presence, scattered all over the web. But before you dive right in, make sure you

• Seek out and find the places online where people might be interested in your content and your message
• Learn about how people participate in those spaces
• Make sure that your contributions would be welcome
• Be transparent about who you are and what you're trying to achieve

Before you know it, you'll be growing audiences all over the web. Some of them may very well never visit your website but does that really matter if, regardless of where they're doing it, more and more people are able to learn about, and engage with, what you're trying do?

This post is part of series on using social media to get your message out and, as I'm sure you're gathered from this post, do a whole lot more than just that. In the posts which follow, I'll be providing more practical, hands-on advice, how-to's and inspiring examples to help you get the most out of social media. Please do feel encouraged to follow or join in the conversation.

Part Two: Reaching new audiences with photos online

In this post, the second in a series about getting the most out of using social media, I'll discuss a few of the different ways the Big Green Challengers, Finalists and other groups can use photographs to tell their story and reach out to new audiences.

Most people building a website would upload their pages and images directly to their web host. When people visit those pages, the images, along with text and any other content, is displayed. The problem with this approach is that the only people who will see those images are those who already know about the website, probably because they are familiar with the organisation or individual behind it. There is another way which, through the clever use of social media, can help you gain more from posting your images online.

Photo sharing websites such as flickr, picasa, photobucket and smugmug (to name a few) allow people to upload, store, share, describe, discuss and sometimes print digital images. Each of these services has large audiences of people actively seeking out photographs for information, fun, or personal or professional re-use. By posting your images here, then embedding them in your own website, you're potentially getting your image - and through it your ideas, message or organisation - in front of a whole new audience.

So here's the technique:

1. choose and register for a photo-sharing website
2. upload your photograph to that site
3. describe your images properly using titles, descriptions and tags (tags are words or phrases that tell other people what subjects or themes your content relates to)
4. make sure you put a link back to the related content page on your website
5. copy the embed code, which you'll usually find next to or below the image on most photo-sharing websites (although on flickr you need to go to the All Sizes tab above the photo), and paste it into the html source code of your blog post or web page

Last weekend, I was in Brecon Beacons running a social media workshop with the Big Green Challenge Finalists there.

The photo above was taken outside the training venue. I've used the instructions provided here to uploaded, tag and link from that photo to this blog. Here's how it looks on flickr.

With any luck, at least a few of the people who search for photos of Brecon Beacons, Wales or any of the other tags I've used to describe the photo on flickr, will stumble across my photo, want to know more, and click the link. If just one of those visitors - people who are unlikely to have any previous contact with me or the Big Green Challenge - decides they like what they see here, is encouraged to learn more, and perhaps even joins the efforts of the communities, then the very minimal additional effort required to go about posting images in this way will have been well spent.

In the coming weeks, I'll be offering further advice and step-by-step instructions to help you make the most of social media tools and services to tell your story, share knowledge, engage with stakeholders, and reach out to new supporters. In the next post, the third in this series, I'll show you how to build google maps and geo-tag your photos and other content.

Part Three: Getting Started Making Google Maps

Many of the Big Green Challenge communities are reaching out, and creating a greater impact, by working with people and organisations across their areas or regions. Maps give those communities a way to visually documenting this.

There are quite a few ways to create and share a map online. The easiest method I've come across is to use  google maps which offers a straight-forward, drag and drop interface. More advanced tools, such as MapBuilder, can be used to create richer, but more complex, map mash-ups where data or other content is plotted on a map, sometimes automatically, as can be seen on the now famous Chicago Crime Map.

I am often surprised how many people use the maps I've created. My St. Albans wi-fi map, for example, has been viewed nearly 78,000 times in less than six months and at least two or three visitors a day follow the link from my google map to my blog.

Below is a map I created to display the location of each of the 10 Big Green Challenge finalist communities:

View Larger Map

Here's how you can make your own:

1. Create a google account
2. Go to Google Maps
3. Click "My Maps"
4. Click Create Map
5. Name your map and give it a description (don't forget to link to your website if you have one)
6. Add points to your map by dragging and dropping the pin to the correct location
7. Save your map
8. Click on the link icon at the top right corner of your map and get the embed code
9. Embed the html code for your map into your blog or website

That's all you need to do to get started making basic google maps which, despite their simplicity, are often a powerful and compelling way to tell the story of what you or your organisation is achieving in the real world.

This post is part of a series of guests posts about using social media to create a distributed web presence. My previous posts have discussed the benefits of using the whole web as your canvas and putting photos online. In next week's post I'll show you how to put video online.

Part Four: Sharing Videos Online

This is the fourth in a series guest posts I'm making here to help groups and individuals spread their ideas and information more widely using social media. Previous posts in the series have discussed photo sharing and making google maps. In this post I'll introduce video sharing.

If you're looking for a post that covers advanced video editing then this probably isn't the post for you as it's more about sharing videos online than it is about shooting and editing videos. Most of the numerous videos I've published online over the years have been unedited, single take clips recorded on a camera phone or ordinary digital stills camera.

Don't get me wrong - a proper, dedicated digital video camera will almost always help you achieve better audio and video quality but I tend only to use mine to capture longer videos of important moments, such as birthdays and other events, with the intention of eventually getting around to editing them complete with titles, transitions, etc. For anything else, the camera in my pocket is the camera I end up using the most and, for me, that's historically been a mobile phone. It's probably worth noting that the gap between the quality of a dedicated video camera and the portability of a mobile device has been bridged by the tiny, hard-drive based flip camera which some of the Big Green Challenge finalists are using.

YouTube is probably the place where most people have their first encounter with video sharing online. Registration is free and it's simple to upload and share a video, particularly as YouTube has created a section for user created how-to's and help videos should you find any part of the process unclear.

There are, of course, other video sharing services. These include Vimeo, which has a really slick interface allowing people to leave comments at points within a video rather than just beneath it, Blip.tv, Viddler and others. Flickr, most well known for photosharing and appearing in my post here on that topic, also allows the upload of short video clips. NowPublic, which describes itself as a news site created by it's users, would be a good choice for anyone with content which could be described as "newsy" - including activism - because it draws an audience that would engage with that sort of content.

All the services above are free and work in basically the same way - anyone can view videos (and other content) but to post comment users usually have to register. Once registered, users can begin uploading, describing (using titles or tags), then sharing their content. Some might be surprised that I'm not going to give this process the step by step treatment here but most of the services I've listed provide their own easy to follow video tutorials which I'm unlikely to be able to match.

So what is the key to successful video sharing online?

1. Choose the right service to reach your target audience - YouTube has mass appeal but Vimeo, NowPublic and others are more likely to reach certain niche audiences.
2. Consider publishing your video under a creative commons license which allows others to use your video for their own purposes.
3. Make sure you allow others to use the embed code to display your video on their blogs, myspace pages, facebook profiles, etc
4. Always link from the videos you post online back to your website so that people who stumble across your video content can follow the link back to find out more about you.

I hope that, by following the tips above, that you gain a lot more from creating and posting video online.

This post is part of a series of guest posts about social media I'm publishing here on the Big Green Challenge Blog. The next post, which will follow in a few days, will be about using mobile phones to document and publish your story using mobile enabled services such as qik, twitter and wordpress.

Part Five: Taking the Internet Everywhere

This post is part of a series of guest posts I've been writing here on the Big Green Challenge blog to help individuals and organisations get more out of using the internet, in particular social media tools and services, to create and share content and ideas with a wider audience. Previous posts in the series have discussed photo sharing, making google maps and video sharing.

Not so long ago, if someone wanted to use the internet they'd have to physically plug an ethernet cable into a router or dial in over a phoneline. Nowadays, many people have wifi in their offices or homes - and, increasingly, wifi access is being offered at a small charge or free by businesses and in public places - enabling them to move around, untethered, from room to room whilst using the internet.

The next big thing, and the topic of this post, is the ability to access and share content on the go, wherever you happen to be and whenever you want, using mobile broadband.

Mobile broadband comes in several flavours, one of which is a 3G dongle. I recently purchased one of these small devices that plugs into my laptop's USB port and gives me high speed access to the internet, and have found it particularly useful when I want to do some work on the train. Most of the Big Green Challenge Finalists have projects that involve getting out and doing things within their community and a laptop giving them internet access wherever they are could almost certainly come in handy. You might be surprised that mobile broadband has really come down in price - I bought my dongle for £30 and it's pay as you go tariff starts at £2 a day.

If you're interested in learning more, a friend of mine, journalist Adam Tinworth, recently wrote a helpful review of his experience of installing and using a 3g dongle.

The other type of mobile broadband is to use a mobile phone to access the internet. Some will remember the introduction many years ago of WAP which allowed stripped down, text only versions of websites to be viewed on a mobile phone screen. Things have moved on a lot since then, with some current mobiles providing a browser based internet experience that looks and acts just like that on a desktop or laptop computer. So anything you might be able to accomplish on the web - searching for content, booking a train ticket, sending an email - is now possible using just a mobile phone with a data connection.

Many current mobile phones also allow users to install applications, just like on a computer, that make it possible to capture and share content online including text, blog posts, geo-location, photos and videos. In fact, it's now possible to actually stream live video from some mobile phones to the web - effectively giving individuals much of the live broadcasting capability previously enjoyed only by major news organisations.

In my next guest post here, I'll discuss some of the applications and services that turn mobile phones into powerful tools for capturing moments and creating and sharing content online.

Part Six: Live and Direct With Your Mobile

In this week's guest post about using social media I'll be discussing how mobile phones can be used as powerful tools for capturing moments and for creating and sharing content online.

Most current mobile phones come with a reasonable quality camera built in and the ability to add and run applications over the phone network. Because I carry my phone with my wherever I go, I often find myself capturing moments, places, people and things that I never would have previously - and because my phone is connected to the internet using a standard called 3g, I can instantly upload and share my photos and videos online without needing to connect to my computer.

There are many different mobile phones, networks and mobile enabled services to choose from and the ones I mention here might not be, for you, the best or least expensive so do look around. It's also worth noting that, unless you have an unlimited data plan, uploading or streaming from your mobile can be very expensive and there are horror stories abound about people who have used data intensive mobile applications whilst abroad - it's best to check with your network provider before getting started.

In January, a passenger on a ferry across the Hudson River in New York used his mobile phone to take a now iconic photo of a partially submerged plane in the water and upload it to TwitPic, alerting his friends on Twitter in the process. The now iconic image of a partially submerged plane in the Hudson River, taken by a passenger on the iPhone and uploaded using TwitPic, is a great example of the utility of having a network enabled camera with you at all times.

As I've traveled to meet each of the Big Green Challenge finalists, I've used twitter and twitpic to update my friends as to my movements and, through doing so, have picked up all sorts of local knowledge that's either smoothed my way on public transportation or helped me locate free wifi access, a few good coffees and to avoid at least one bad meal. That's genuinely useful.

Another service I've used widely is Zonetag, a photo uploader created by Yahoo Research Labs, which uploads geo-tagged photographs to Flickr, the photo-sharing service I discussed in an earlier post here. There are other uploaders out there - shozu is a popular one - so it's worth trying a few to see which works best for your needs.

You can also shoot and stream live video from a mobile handset using services such as Qik and Flixwagon. I personally use the former but, as far as I can see, both offer pretty much the same core functionality - to stream video live and to see comments from people who are watching remotely. Although consumer servies, news organisations, including the BBC, have started using these services.

Last year, I used a mobile phone to capture and live stream BBC News Technology correspondent, Rory Cellan-Jones, streaming a mobile interview with Jim Buckmaster, the CEO of online listings service Craigslist:

In addition to services that allow users to create and upload images and videos, most major blogging and social networking platforms have created applications that work on a range of mobile phones and - better still - most of these applications are free or very inexpensive.

I hope you found this quick overview of mobile services interesting and useful. Please do leave a comment if you've worked one of these tools into what you're doing online or as an organisation.

In next week's blog post on social media I'll be talking about blogging, both as a type of service or tool and as a technique.

Part Seven: Key Techniques for Successful Blogging

Over the past few weeks, I've published a number of posts here to help organisations and individuals to get started using social media tools and services to inform and engage. This post will discuss blogs, both as a tool and a technique, for pulling it all together.

My previous posts discussed various ways of creating and publishing content of various types, and making it available on services where audiences are pro-actively seeking out and consuming that type of content - so, for example, using the photo-sharing service Flickr for photos and the video-sharing service YouTube for video. Here's an index to those posts:

1. Introduction: social media and the whole web as your canvas
2. Reaching new audiences with photo-sharing
3. Sharing your videos online
4. Getting started making google maps
5. Taking the internet everywhere
6. Live and direct with your mobile

The approach I've suggested, using the whole web as your canvas, is a clever way of getting your ideas in front of new audiences. My view is that it's more important that people consume and interact with my content, wherever that content is, than to put all my eggs in one basket by creating a single, destination website that is viewed only by those who are already engaged.

A blog, which is essentially an easy to use, template based content management system where posts, sometimes called entries, are typically arranged in reverse chronological order. Because they allow content to be pulled in or embedded from elsewhere, including many of the services I've previously discussed in this series of posts, blogs can be used to pull all your web based content together in one place so that, once people do find a photo or video or other piece of content out on the web, you have a central place to link them into should they wish to know more.

In my previous role as Head of Blogging at the BBC, I used to run one day workshops to help bloggers and other editorial and production staff learn how to use their blog. Almost the entire day was taken up with discussion of technique and creating content rather than step by step instructions on how to actually create a blog or post an entry. I continue to believe that understanding blogging as a technique, rather than as a tool, is the best way to approach blog training. None of it's hard, but getting the techniqueright is by far more important.

There are a number of free or low cost tools which can be used to create a blog including Wordpress, which is the platform used by this blog, Blogger and Typepad. Once registered, users can very easily create a new blog. All that's normally required is a name for the blog and, once that's been decided, there are usually a number of predefined design templates to choose from. Look and feel is controlled independently of content so, in most instances, the design can be changed at the click of the button at any time without affecting the actual content of the blog.

Once you've set up a blog, you'll probably want to create your "about" page where you tell readers who you are and what you're aiming to achieve. You might also want to add contact details.

Next, you may want to add links to other websites or blogs - your organisation, your pages on other social media services, other people or groups saying interesting things, etc. In Wordpress, you do this by going into the dashboard and adding a links widget. In blogger this functionality is called a blogroll and in typepad is called a typelist. Linking is one of the most important things a blogger can do. Not only does it introduce your readers to other sites they might be interested in, but it also alerts - because most bloggers look at statistics showing how many visitors they've had and where those visitors have come from - other bloggers to you existance of your blog. I refer to a link tap because it's a bit like tapping someone on the shoulder to let them know you're there.

Once you've added an about page and links, you will probably want to create your first blog post. A lot of people find it difficult to get started but there is an easy way to do so. Rather than creating an entire post from scratch, you might want to start off by writing "link wrap" posts that describe something you've read elsewhere online, quote a small section of that text, and point out why you think it's interesting. You'll also want to make sure you link to the source. The value you add in doing this is two-fold. Firstly, you're introducing your audience to content you think they might be interested in and, secondly, by summarising or pointing to interesting sections of that content, you're editorialising that link. The person or organisation who created the content originally will also benefit because users will click through to view the source. Also, because the algorythm used by google and other search sites often gives pages with more links greater authority, your link directly impacts the findability of that page for people who search for it later.

Most blogs allow users to comment on posts. There are pros and cons to the different methods of comment moderation. I'm not a solicitor, but have published a post elsewhere introducing some of the issues. If you do allow comments, you might want to create and publish details of your moderation policy, including your rules, so that users know exactly what's expected of them.

A lot of bloggers talk about the importance of joining the conversation. You can do this by using the comments that come into your blog as points of discussion in subsequent posts. You may also want to post comments on posts on other blogs, particularly if you link to and discuss those posts. There's no reason why you shouldn't include a link to your own post, so long as it's relevant, in your comments elsewhere but do make sure you're linking to something that genuinely adds to the conversation rather than spamming the blog with irrelevant, and probably unwanted, links in a bid just to get some traffic.

Another way of participating in the conversation is to link prolifically from your own posts as a way of illustrating points and to alert the bloggers who created the content you link to of the existence of your posts. Because you'll want to stay abreast of the conversation - the linking, quoting, and commenting across a number of topical blogs - you'll need to use tools such as an RSS reader, which will be discussed in my next post here, and "buzz tracking" tools such as technorati to find and keep track of what people are saying within your niche and about your posts.

Technorati is a blog search tools. It usually picks up new posts faster than google or other traditional search engines because most blog platforms send technorati a notification, called a "ping", each time an update is made. Technorati is useful for finding, based on keyword searches, blogs and posts about specific topics but the reason it's used by most serious bloggers is because, if you input the URL of your blog, you can instantly see all the blog posts that link to your blog. Armed with this knowledge, you can go out and see what others have posted, and participate in the conversation your blog is part of wherever it's taking place.

When you create a blog post, you'll usually want to give it a title, create the body of the post, and then categorise or tag it so that readers can more easily find what they are looking for. When you name your blog and title your posts, as well as when you use categories and tags, you'll want to think very carefully about the words you use, and ensure that they are terms people are likely to search for. One of my blogs, about St. Albans where I live, actually appears higher in the google results for St. Albans than one of the two local newspapers, precisely because I've used St. Albans in the name of the blog, in the title of most posts, and in each of the categories I use. It also helps that I link out to all the other St. Albans based bloggers I could find and many of them have reciprocated with links back to me, again reinforcing within the google algorythm the understanding that my blog is not only about St. Albans but is highly regarded as a source of good information by other websites.

Actually using the blogging tool you choose is the easy part. Find a blogging platform you like and play around a bit, learning to use the various options and tools, before you start heavily promoting it. You're bound to make a few mistakes early on, but get your technique right and you'll be 3/4 of the way towards successful blogging.

This post is part of a series of guests post I'm making here to introduce some of the social media tools and techniques people and organisations can use to inform and connect with audiences and stakeholders. In my next post, I'll discuss using RSS to help find and keep track of intersting content that you can quote from, link to, and build upon.

Part Eight: Using RSS to Keep Track of the Conversation

If you are interested in regularly consuming content from a particular website, or want keep track of keyword searches without having to input them time and time again, the topic of my guest post this week, RSS (Really Simple Syndication), may very well be of interest to you.

Most people view web based content through a browser such as Firefox or Internet Explorer. If readers don't want to miss newly published content, they have to remember to frequently check each site they want to follow. Sometimes there is new content, other times there isn't - a colleague of mine likens it to chickens walking around in circles pecking at whatever is on the ground in front of them, an analogy he makes to point out that this is almost certainly not the most efficient or affective way of finding, keeping track of and consuming new content.

A more efficient way is to put yourself at the centre of the flow of information by subscribing to RSS feeds, sometimes called "web feeds", of the websites and other content sources you're interested in monitoring. An RSS feed looks like a stripped down version of a website - the design and formatting isn't normally visible in the feed, only the text, images and other content elements. As an example, here's what the RSS feed (will open in a new window) for this, the Big Green Challenge Blog, looks like.

RSS Button

Many times, where content is available as an RSS feed, a distinctive orange button (as seen to left) can be found on the page. Other times, an RSS logo appears next to the URL in the address bar at the top of a browser.

Subscribing to an RSS feed is like ordering a subscription to a magazine or newspaper although, in the case of RSS, it's nearly always free. Everytime new content is published, a copy is sent out to all subscribers, meaning those with a subscription needn't ever miss anything.

In order to subscribe to an RSS feed, you'll first need to sign up for an RSS reader. The two web based readers I'm most familiar with, Bloglines and Google Reader, are both free and easy to use.

To subscribe to an RSS feed, users can click on the RSS button found on a page or in their browser's address window, which should open a new page showing the address of the RSS feed to be subscribed to and, often, a pull down menu of different RSS readers so that the subscription can be made with just one click. The other way to subscribe to an RSS feed is to copy the URL of the page or feed you want to subscribe to and paste it into the "add feed" form within your chosen RSS reader.

Once subscribed to a feed, each time there is new content it will appear in your reader. Most readers also allow users to mark content as read or unread, to share content with others, and to bookmark any content they might want to return to later.

It's not just content sites that offer RSS feeds - many social media and search sites also do. So, for example, if you're interested in getting an alert every time a user on twitter mentions the name of your organisation, you simply input that search once and subscribe to the feed. You can also subscribe to feeds from, to mention just a few, flickr tags and technorati blog searches - meaning that everytime posts a photo or blog post about the topic you've defined in your original search, you're alerted to that content.

If you'd like to learn more about RSS, there's an excellent, easy to follow video on the Common Craft Show that's well worth viewing.

RSS isn't just useful for subscribing to web feeds, it's also the delivery mechanism used by many social tools and social networks to share content. So, for example, when I author a blog post on one of my own blogs, it uses RSS to alert a service called twitterfeed that I've done so. Twitterfeed then fires out a twitter tweet with the title and link of that post. The RSS feed of my blog also feeds into facebook and linked-in so that my contacts on those services can see what I've written. I also used to use another service, talkr, which took my RSS feed and created a computer generated audio file of the content. This made it possible for me to offer a podcast of my blog on Apple's iTunes Store without ever having to actually record a thing myself.

It's also possible to aggregate and remix RSS feeds using services such as xfruits and Yahoo Pipes to create custom feeds of content, for example all news stories from ten different UK based news sources which mention "Big Green Challenge" or any other keyword you define.

RSS is a really powerful tool in that it helps users to better organise the flow of content around them and, for those creating content, offers an extremely flexible stream of content for use by other people and services.

Why mention it here, in a series of guest posts about social media? Because not only do most blogs and social tools offer RSS output, it's also - in my books at least - an indispensible tool for helping bloggers to keep track of the conversations their contributions are part of. Finding, subscribing and reading what others are saying is the first step towards making successful contributions yourself. Quoting and linking to that content is the next step and, once you've gained confidence and understanding, you can begin to add value by contextualising those quotes and links, or voicing an opinion about them. Joining into an already active conversation by listening and contributing, at least initially,  with gestures such as a smile or nod is, in most instances, far more socially acceptable than bursting into the conversation by interrupting with strong views of your own. And this is exactly how you can use RSS - to listen, to inform yourself, to help you keep track of the views and contributions of others, to provide material to link to and to, later, contextualise or comment upon.

This is the eighth post in a series I've been publishing here on the Big Green Challenge Blog. Other posts have looked at a range of social tools and techniques for telling stories, finding new audiences and engaging with stakeholders. You'll find an index on last week's post, which provided an indepth guide to blogging.

the long road to media freedom

Last week I spoke at one of the strangest conferences, in one of the most far flung places, I've ever been to - the Eurasian Media Forum in Almaty, Kazakhstan. The conference brings together journalists, business leaders, academics and politicians for two days of discussion ranging from news coverage of global events such as the current economic crisis to the implications of the Obama Presidency on East-West relations.

I went, at least in part, in the hope that by talking about the tools and techniques of blogging and social media, I could encourage delegates to think about being more open, transparent and direct in their dealings with audiences, consumers and, for the politicians in attendance, the populaces they govern. It was my usual sort of presentation but in unusual circumstances because, little did I know as I was speaking, something rather unusual was going on outside the building. Dan Kennedy covered the action outside, and what happened in the subsequent panel which we both participated in, on his blog Media Nation:

"The InterContinental Hotel in Almaty, Kazakhstan, is about as isolating an experience as you can imagine. The luxurious surroundings — and the ever-present security guards — effectively separated the several hundred journalists attending last week's Eurasian Media Forum from whatever was going on outside.

So it was something of a surprise when that separation was breached last Friday afternoon. Between a panel on the global media crisis, which I moderated, and a panel on blogging, in which I participated, several people approached us with handouts, warning of proposed laws that would crack down on Kazakhstan's burgeoning blogosphere. We exchanged pleasantries, and that seemed to be that.

Then, during the blogging panel, one of them — an audacious 24-year-old woman named Yevgeniya Plakhina, wearing a shirt that proclaimed "SHHH!" — got up and demanded to know why six of her friends had been arrested for demonstrating against the proposals.

The moderator, Vladimir Rerikh, a Kazakh journalist, clearly wanted the issue, and Plakhina, to go away. But Danny Schechter, a well-known American progressive journalist, spoke up on Plakhina's behalf, and she was able to continue pressing her case. (Here is Schechter's account.) The organizer of the conference, Dariga Nazarbayeva, the daughter of President Nursultan Nazarbayev, could be seen talking on her cell phone, leaving the hall and returning several times..."

Local campaigners fear that the law in question, explains Matthew Collin [on the Frontline Club blog - a Headshift project] who reports for Al Jazeera from Georgia and was another of the panelists in the blogging session, would "put serious restrictions on internet journalists and bloggers and potentially allow the authorities to block sites on political grounds."

Danny Schechter reports that the arrested protesters were later freed by authorities, quoting an email he received from Plakhina, which read “I really appreciate your help. Thanx. My friends are OK. I guess the authorities were afraid of international scandal, so an advisor to the president took care of letting my friends out..."

Needless to say, the panel discussion didn't exactly go as those of us on it had planned, nor - I suspect - as the organisers had intended. But I'm glad it happened - the protest I mean - and hope that, by being one of the many foreign participants in the conference, just being there helped ensure that the protesters and their colleagues both reach a wider audience with their appeal and remain safe from arrest whilst doing so.

The whole incident reminded me that media freedom is a precious, and all to rare, freedom. And blogging is, I think, an important tool for helping those who are brave enough to fight for it to make themselves heard. It's a long long way from the worlds of media and corporate blogging which I usually inhabit to the scenes I at least partially witnessed in Almaty but I hope that, some day, when they've won their fight for rights, blogging will become as everyday and mundane - and safe - as it is for me and most of you reading this.

broadcast live video online using your mobile phone

Earlier this week I installed an application that turns my mobile phone into a highly portable, live broadcasting device. There are plenty of video sharing services that can accept uploads via mobile phone including youtube, blip.tv, kyte.tv and others. But qik, the service I'm currently alpha testing, does something very different - it allows you stream video live from a 3G phone to the web.

The potential for this is incredible. From now on, every journalist will have the ability to get usable video content on air almost instantly using nothing but a mobile phone that fits easily in their pocket. Activists will be able to stream live from protests. Concert goers can share their front row seats with friends at home.  Privacy concerns aside,  the ability to stream live video from a cameraphone, and for that video to be instantly available around the world via the internet, really is awesome.

Here's what the service looks like online:

And a short video I made showing how the mobile application looks on a Nokia N95 handset:

Click To Play

techpresident: tracking the us presidential candidates use of social media

At last October's Networked Journalism Summit, organised by Jeff Jarvis, I had the pleasure of meeting Micah Sifry of the Personal Democracy Forum which is described on their website as a "hub for the conversation already underway between political practitioners and technologists, as well as anyone invigorated by the potential of all this to open up the process and engage more people in all the things that we can and must do together as citizens."

PDF is the organisation behind TechPresident. When I met Micah, he seemed almost surprised when I told him I'm a huge fan. Which I am. I think it's one of the most interesting projects to emerge in the last year.

For the uninitiated, TechPresident tracks the American Presidential candidate's use of technology - in particular blogging, youtube, and social networking - in their campaigns.

There's stats porn aplenty, for example the graph at left which plots the number of facebook friends each candidate has and shows whether that number has risen or fallen in the past week. You'll also find aggregations of candidate blogs.

But what I enjoy most are the original posts by Micah and his team that provide insight into the clever ways some of the candidates are really trying to leverage the capabilities of social media in their campaigns. For example, yesterday's post by Michael Whitney points out a facebook widget developed by the Barack Obama campaign to help users find out which of their friends might be eligible to vote in the important Iowa primaries (today) so that they might remind their friends (and influence) their vote:

With the US Presidential Primaries taking place over the next two months, and the actual election following in the autumn, TechPresident is likely to get a lot more notice in 2008 and I can't wait to see how the site continues to develop.

social impact of the web @ the rsa

I'm one of the half dozen BBC people attending The Social Impact of the Web event today at the RSA (Royal Society for the encouragement of Arts, Manufactures & Commerce) in London.

The central theme is:

"With e-democracy and new forms of on-line consultation and community mobilisation still to become a reality, how can new internet technologies empower us to interact with each other in novel ways?"

The first panel to get a crack at answering this question includes Georgina Henry, Editor, Comment is Free & Editor, The Guardian; Andrew Chadwick from Royal Holloway, University of London; and Tom Steinberg, Founder and Director, mySociety and other projects.

Audio and video streams of the event are available here.

---
Andrew Chadwick

Three things we should celebrate about web 2.0:

Citizen Journalism - 250,000 public comments posted on the Guardian in a month alone (and, quoting Stephen Coleman, the BBC gets over 1 million messages a month)

Little Brother - Discusses Conneticutt Bob... a blogger who followed a candidate around and blogged every moment... "we should really like it" that people can turn the public gaze upon politics and politicians

Low threshold, co-present, co-production online: wikipedia model (with editors and structure), digg (simple vote) and other forms of collective action such as last.fm

Three things we shouldn't celebrate about web 2.0:

The production/consumption divide: Pew study said only 8% were deep users of social media (median age 28), only 7% were connectors. 26% were "indifferent" and/or "disconnected" - and the median age was 64. The vast majority is not producing and the older are more likely to be excluded.

The shift to video: Back in the old days, we spoke about how text only communication broke down barriers (eg. text frees you to be who you are, not who you look like). Is worried that the sound bite politics of today will be put on youtube and will limit deep political discourse.

Social network narcissism: one of the interesting things that people do on bebo, facebook, myspace, etc they are arranged around the idea of socialability. Yet most of the interaction is individualistic. They tell people about themselves on "absolutely bizarre minimalist" sites like twitter - "the greatest manifestation of social network narcissism if I've ever seen one"

---

Georgina Henry:

"If you take a broad view of politics -I like to think of it as what people want to debate, rather than what you want people to debate..."

"My feeling of the web is don't expect too much of it... if you don't expect too much, you won't be disappointed with what it gives you, and then it becomes facinating..."

"I've learned more in a year working on comment is free about the audience than I did in 18 years working on the print side..."

"access to it [writing for comment is free] is an important part of it"

"Whilst I've got quite a dim view of some of the stuff that's posted on the site... [some of it is good]"

"even if you are a journalist who specialising in something for quite some time, there are times when people come along and tell us something we didn't know, which is quite humbling...it throws [named columnists] into this big forum with thousands of other people... the feedback has been quite rewarding for journalists, but quite challenging too..."

"... newspaper sales are going down... the discussion is online and you've got to be there... I think it is a very skewed audience... you need broadband, which isn't universal... tends to be much more male... skewed by people who are often posted in the day, doing the sort of jobs where you can sit at your computer and do this... I never see it as this is life, I see it as this is a slice of life, which doesn't mean you shouldn't engage with it..."

"people who are close to politics [and are asked to blog] can find it a difficult space... you can recieve this barrage of hostility... that has been very difficult for people... it's skewed by anonymous screen names... but it does reflect a bit of the times I think, and you can't blame the internet wholly for that... it's also reflected in the letters for the editor which you don't see because they are edited out... the difference with blogs is that it's there for everyone to see..."

"If you look at political activity in Britain at the moment... people finding it a lot easier are people in opposition... partially because there is cynicism aimed at authority..."

"I don't think its a substitute for all the other forms of political debates, but it's going to absorb more and more of people's time so you've just got to get in there and shape it."

---

Tom Steinberg

The people who make mysociety happen are the coders and people in the background.

A friend sent him an email a few days ago saying he wanted to post on Comment is Free but was worried about doing so. Eventually he did it... Tom says: "There are no winners on comment is free, only losers"

Bloggers and News Media are "accelerators": "for people like me, political junkies, this is just brilliant... it used to be like a drip feed, not it's like a drip feed filled with whisky..."

"News is getting much cheaper...."

"Politicians have known that if they made a mistake [people would find out about it a few hours later]... now they know people will find out about it a lot sooner..."

studies don't seem to show that the internet is bringing new people to politics

"tool-smiths" - people who build tools that make it possible for people to find out who their local politicians are and how to contact them - a Netherlands based voting recommendation service had nearly 5 million users, in a country with about 3 times that in population (a massive percentage)... it's a tool, not a piece of journalism. Or moveon in America that helped mobilise masses of people.... largely driven by web 1.0 email.

the things that the toolsmiths create challenge the way we do things... and because more people will be looking at these tools when they make their voting decisions... theyworkforyou will make it clear not what politicians say, but what they actually vote for, which will - hopefully - represent a challenge to soundbite politics

it is the tools that are transformational

"we built, as a independent contractor, the Number 10 petition site... 25,000 people a day are coming... what I'd like to do is be able to point people to a debate about what happens next... petitions, a very low form of political engagement, can help get people more engaged..."

I've just noticed that Sandy Walkington, a Lib Dem councillor from St. Albans where I live, is sitting in the row in front of me. He runs a few web based campaigns, including one called Hands off Herts which raises awareness of development issues in the county of Hertfordshire.

The second session is on Web 2.0 and Social Innovation

Bronwyn Kunhardt

Quoting Heidegger: "The social character of man is determined by his use of technology"

10 years ago technology was objective, now technology is subjective... "social software"

government, corporations and parents all have problems with Web 2.0 because they tend to think in authoritarian ways

Edelman has released a study showing that bloggers are very connected to their local communities. And there is a study of 14,000 in Australia saying the same thing. We need to pull all this stuff about online social networks doing good into one place...(thus her new venture "social media consensus")

MT Rainey

In 1995 Rainey addressed a News International conference and told them that:

People won't seek out brands and organisations that they have never heard of or that their friends don't use.

There will always be the need for a shared media experience because that has value

Now, she says, the great things about the web - web 2.0 - are that:

ability to share and exchange information with each others
strong viral effect basically mimics the mass media affect... and is arguably more valuable because it's more personal.

breakdown of user/consumer boundaries... information trails... "is turning consumers back into people"... "we express and display nearly all our choices now, and we are people first..."

broadband... price of participation is very low. "Your facebook page can look the same as coke's facebook page"

[Robin Note: Ok, enough. I didn't realise that users of social media were meant to be in competition with coca cola's efforts to market beverages to us via facebook profiles.]

...pitch for some project...web 2.0... "wisdomocracy"... "if google's model is do no evil, our's is no wisdom wasted" ... etc etc... "relieve the health burden and GP visits"... etc etc

Nico Macdonald

"Contrary to the widely held view, technologies in general, and the Web in particular, do not transform society. Society transforms society, and it develops, consciously or unconsciously, tools such as the Web to effect changes, which themselves may be conscious or unconscious. The Web was not developed to transform democracy. It was developed to share scientific research. While many earlier proponents of networked hypertext systems may have had more high-flown hopes for such tools, Tim Berners-Lee had quite pragmatic objectives."

Read his presentation in full (yay!!!) on his blog...

(battery dead... sorry!)

french "anti citizen journalism" law & the case for union recognition for bloggers

The French Constitutional Council has, according to the IDG News Service, "approved a law that criminalizes the filming or broadcasting of acts of violence by people other than professional journalists. The law could lead to the imprisonment of eyewitnesses who film acts of police violence, or operators of Web sites publishing the images, one French civil liberties group warned on Tuesday."

Pascal Cohet, spokesperson for the French Civil Liberties group Odebi which has been gathering reports about the law from around the world, points out that under the law, George Holliday, who recorded LA Police beating Rodney King, could have been sentenced to up to 5 years in prison and fined €75,000 (USD $98,537).

The law was proposed by Minister of the Interior and Presidential Candidate Nicolas Sarkozy and was, according to the IDG report, intended to clamp down on a wide range of public order offenses, including "happy slapping". Campaigners, however, worry that the law was intentionally written in such a way that allows broad interpretation that effectively outlaws the efforts of citizen journalists to photograph and film violent acts, including police brutality.

The French Government has also reportedly proposed "a certification system for Web sites, blog hosters, mobile-phone operators and Internet service providers, identifying them as government-approved sources of information if they adhere to certain rules. The journalists' organization Reporters Without Borders, which campaigns for a free press, has warned that such a system could lead to excessive self censorship as organizations worried about losing their certification suppress certain stories."

Nicolas Sarkozy, regular readers of this blog will recall, is the right wing French politician who caused quite a stir by turning up to address Le Web 3 after being invited by Loic Le Meur, one of France's most widely read bloggers who has endorsed Sarkozy's candidacy. Le Meur, a serial entrepreneur, supports Sarkozy in part because he feels that Sarkozy is the candidate most likely to help bring new opportunities to the French software and technology industries by supporting start-ups and venture capital investment in them. Sarkozy has, in the past, also been supportive of journalism.

It's quite difficult to understand why Sarkozy would propose a law that seems to go against both the internet publishing/tech community he's been courting as well as journalists.

Citizen journalists and bloggers can't, of course, ignore the existence of libel law, contempt and other restraints that are placed upon what they can and can't publish online. Indeed, The Press Gazette reported last December that violation of such laws (as well as repression) on the internet accounted for "one in three jailed journalists". It's important that bloggers understand both their rights and their legal responsibilities and there are a growing number of resources, including this one from NewAssignment.net, offering explanations of these.

The good news is that in some places, for example California, courts are beginning to recognise that bloggers and citizen journalists should have the same legal protection as journalists. The bad news is that, in most jurisdictions, such recognition is probably still a long way away.

Existing organisations created by and for bloggers, such as the Media Bloggers Association, tend to be more about cross-promotion and don't get the same respect or recognition from governments that more mainstream journalism bodies receive.

The way forward, if bloggers and citizen journalists want to work together to ensure their recognition and rights, is to begin speaking with existing journalism industry trade bodies and unions, for example the National Union of Journalists (NUJ) in the UK or the Online News Association internationally. Seeing that more and more bloggers are doing journalism, and more and more journalists are becoming bloggers, they may very well be willing to take bloggers on as fully fledged, card carrying members and/or to set up branches specifically for bloggers.

Once onboard with the trade unions, bloggers could join professional journalists, free speech and civil rights campaigners, mainstream media organisations and other interested parties to form a united front in fight against laws like this one in France and elsewhere.

[Update: BBC News Online is now reporting on the proposed French law]

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the openness of blogging & 3 new blog friends

Thursday 9:21 am 3/1/07
Originally uploaded by robinhamman.

I spent most of yesterday at a "social media consensus" workshop at the British Library. The group included people working with social media from a range of organisations including Microsoft, Channel 4, Save the Children, Bebo, and the Association for Progressive Communications.

The purpose of the day was to try to develop some sort of tool to measure the social impact of social media but we spent most of the day getting to know each other. Part of that process involved spending 20 minutes getting to know the person next to you which, in my case, was a serial entrepreneur named Oli Barrett. He recently started his blog, Daily Networker, to write about the interesting people he meets. I get the idea that he's one of those people who mixes business networking and his social life so much that the two are almost inseparable which, for someone like him, is probably the best way to reach some sort of work/life balance: just combine it all into one.

One of the things that Oli has recently been involved with is a project, Make Your Mark with a Tenner, where they gave a group of teenagers a tenner for a month to see what they turn it into. It's an idea that landed Oli a seat next to David Cameron the train from Manchester last week, an encounter he shares on his blog.

Facilitating the workshop was Pim Techamuanvivit whose food blog, Chez Pim (what else?!) has a technorati ranking in the 2000's and gets tens of thousands of visits per day. Being honest, I didn't realise that food blogs can actually have an audience of that enormity. I do, however, enjoy the occasional food blog, usually Graham Holliday's NoodlePie which I read in part because I know him and can almost hear him talking as I read his posts.

Sitting next to Pim at lunch, we got talking about one of the more peculiar aspects of the British - the ability to secretly harbour one's displeasure with a particular dish whilst, at the same time, smiling and telling the waitress that it's "lovely" when prompted. The typical displeased British diner then proceeds to punish the restaurant by not leaving a tip, snarling as soon as they are clear of the doorway, and to spend the next six months telling anyone they know about their horrible dining experience. The major fault in this, of course, is that the very people who can remedy the situation are no given a chance to do so. Pim doesn't let people get away with this in the comments on her blog because she realises how big an effect a negative review can have upon a restaurant's business.

Having recently posted a glowing review of a Michelin starred Parisian restaurant, where she had found both the food and service impeccible, Pim was surprised to find a comment from someone who claimed that the service was so rude that she would never return. Pim challenged the commenter, asking not only for more details of the commenter's bad experience, but asking what, if anything, the commenter had done to allow the staff to resolve the issue. It turns out that, having paid the bill, the commenter had started to slide her chair back, at which point the attentive French waiter immediately arrived to help her get up. The customer felt they were rudely being hurried from the restaurant but, as Pim pointed out in her reply, the waiter was simply following the usual protocol and had she simply said she wasn't ready to go, he probably would have apologised and moved back into the shadows to more perfectly anticipate her next requirement.

Towards the end of the day, I also met Adam Gee who is a New Media Commissioner at Channel 4 and who writes a blog called SimplePleasures. Actually, it's 4 different blogs with the same name - you'll find an explanation here. I get the feeling that, more than anything else, his blogs help him organise and make sense of his life whilst at the same time sharing it with others.

Why is it that everytime I go to these things, it's the bloggers I most enjoy meeting rather than the others? I think it's exactly for the reasons above - they tend to be open, conversational, sharing people. Which is exactly why, with years of experience in the online community management industry, I'm now much more likely to engage with and be personally interested in blogs instead of message boards and chat rooms.

Community is a funny word. It's full of warm-fuzzy wholesome goodness yet, when you really think about it, communities have barriers to entry. "Community" can, and often is, synonymous with "clique" - as much exclusive as they are inclusive. Blogs, on the other hand, are out there and anyone with something to say can comment, quote, take away, link to, etc is so much more open and accessible.

My advice to the non-bloggers who were at the workshop yesterday? If you work in a creative industry you've got to blog, otherwise you aren't part of the conversation.

using the data protection act to reclaim charges (2)

On the 5th I posted about my quest to use the data protection act, and some knowledge gleened from the internet, to claw back some of the bank charges I've paid over the years. I wrote "Data Subject Access Request" letters to my bank and two credit card companies, asking them to provide me with details of all penalty charges I've paid out over the last six years (the limit on claiming).

Two points to my bank who wrote back to me by the end of the week to confirm that they would supply the requested information without charge, returning my cheque for £10, the maximum amount they can charge for processing requests under the Data Protection Act. And on Friday I received three large envelopes from my bank with details of every transaction - approximately 200 pages worth - I'd made using my account with them. The charges total £680 and many of them were of the triple whammy variety where you go over your overdraft and then get charged £25 for each of the next three transactions for a total of £75 - often incurred in a matter of hours.

This evening I will be writing back to my bank detailing these charges and explaining that I don't feel the penalties were valid, using my own spruced up version of the template letter found here.

I'm still waiting to hear from the other two banks / credit card providers. I'll continue to update the process of claiming these unfair bank charges back here, so do bookmark this page if you're interested in following my progress.

Using the Data Protection Act

Most journalists have heard about the Freedom of Information Act, a useful tool in gaining access to information held by government agencies. The Press Gazettes FOI campaign and the BBC's Open Secrets Blog are as good places as any to start learning about how journalists and media organisations are using this tool.

But many journalists don't realise that they have another powerful tool at their disposal - the Data Protection Act 1998.

I first discovered the usefulness of the Data Protection Act a few years ago when I used it to claim back thousands of pounds from an academic institution that, whilst very good at chasing me for tuition fees, hadn't provided the amount or level of tution I would have hoped to have received.

I argued the case that I'd been mistreated (well, more like not treated at all!) to no avail so I decided to use the UK's Data Protection Act to force the institution to reveal what, if any, records they held on me. The records revealed a catologue of issues and helped me make a much stronger, and ultimately successful, case for a full refund of tuition fees paid.

Towards the end of last year, I tried to use the Data Protection Act again, this time to get some records from Google after I was kicked out of their AdSense programme without explanation. Two letters later and I've still not heard back from them although some readers of this blog who have taken the same steps as I did had almost immediate results. Eventually get around to chasing that up again but, as no money is at stake, it's kind of fallen on the backburner for now.

This weekend, I decided to take a few minutes to go on another Data Protection Act adventure, this time in an attempt to reclaim bank and credit card charges. Anyone who has ever accidently gone over their overdraft limit, forgot to post a cheque to a credit card company in time, or had a cheque returned uncashed will know that banks charge as much as £75 each time this happens. Now I usually try to be good about keeping payments and such up to date but, over the past years, am sure I've paid a few hundred pounds in such fees.

So, inspired by letters in the pages of the Guardian's excellent Saturday Money supplement and the website of "Money Saving Expert" Martin Lewis, this weekend I sent Data Protection Subject Access requests to my bank and two credit card providers. I've asked for a full list of charges made against me, instead of statements per se (which aren't covered by the DPA), and enclosed a £10 cheque with each to cover the statutory maximum that the bank can charge to supply the information requested.

Once I get the information I've requested, I'll then write to each of the banks, explaining that the charges were disproprotionate to the cost actually incurred in sending them and, as such, they are penalty fees that would not hold up under UK contract law.

I'll let you know how I get on...